MF59 is used in Europe as an adjuvant in influenza vaccines ... [16] MF59 and AS03 (a similar squalene-based oil-in-water emulsion) have been licensed and used in Europe for the 2009 H1N1 pandemic ...

The recent introduction of oil-in-water emulsions as adjuvants in several pandemic vaccines, such as the H1N1 vaccine, has challenged regulatory authorities to establish their safety in the ...