Curtain walls are the first structural element that subjected to wind loads. There are cases in which wind loads controls the structural design of curtain walls that may include bluff body ...

Crib retaining walls are a form of gravity wall. They are constructed of interlocking individual boxes made from timber or pre-cast concrete. Then, the boxes are filled with crushed stone or other ...

Earthen roads are laid with soil. They are cheaper than all types of roads. This type of road is provided for fewer traffic areas or countryside areas. A good drainage system should be provided, which ...

In an era when sustainability has become an important benchmark for forward-thinking buildings, it's inspiring to see how far architecture and design have come in the pursuit of creating a more ...

The design of a building is not merely an aesthetic concern but is closely tied to the local climate. By understanding the nuances of the climate in their area, architects, builders, and designers can ...

During rainy seasons, the danger of water seeping into a structure increases with a rise in the water table. This water enters as seepage or leakage and damages the internal structure due to corrosion ...

The slenderness ratio of a reinforced concrete (RC) column is the ratio between the length of the column, its lateral dimensions, and end fixity. It assesses the ability of the reinforced concrete ...

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Transparent aluminum or Aluminum Oxynitride (ALON) is an optically transparent aluminum which is a crystalline substance made of aluminate powder alloys. Aluminum being a popular construction material ...

Concrete is the most commonly used material when it comes to swimming pool construction. A concrete swimming pool is designed to take up full water load along with the capacity to withstand large ...

The scope of adaptation works that can be carried out in the building is very large. This depends mainly on the extent and the purpose of the changes proposed to the building. The figure-1 below shows ...

Sustainable building materials are becoming increasingly popular as more and more people focus on preserving the environment. As architects, construction workers, and homeowners look for ways to ...