Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, ruler of France from 1848 to 1870, was “the most enthusiastic supporter of photography in all of Europe”. He stocked his libraries with countless photographs of ...

In December 1851, Louis-Napoléon overthrew the Second Republic and made himself Emperor Napoléon III. Liberal democracy was replaced by populist authoritarianism. To compensate, Napoléon III promised ...

METTERNICH ON NAPOLEON III. Share full article. May 22, 1887. Credit... The New York Times Archives. See the article in its original context from May 22, 1887, Page 11 Buy Reprints.