In the early 1800s, French physiologist Marie-Jean-Pierre Flourens removed the cerebellums from pigeons and observed the animals stumbling around as if intoxicated. He, like Holmes, noted that the ...

Yet it has not been clear how the cerebellum controls tongue movements. To answer this question, Shadmehr and colleagues used an animal model that has a long tongue and can skillfully direct it to ...

The researchers found that when an alcohol-processing enzyme is missing from the cerebellum in mice, the animals metabolized alcohol differently. “My hypothesis is that the brain has a metabolic ...