A left ventricular aneurysm can form after a transmural myocardial infarction and involves dilation of the left ventricular wall in an abnormal fashion. Most commonly, the apex of the heart is ...

The pathophysiology of chronic heart failure (HF) exists when either the left ventricle, the right ventricle, or both, require elevated filling pressures to maintain cardiac output. The ...

You have full access to this article via your institution. Figure 1: a, Shift in calmodulin-associated CnA isoforms in the failing human left ventricle. Of the three calcineurin A isoforms (α, β ...