Rare earth elements are needed for everything from green technology to consumer goods like laptops and batteries. Mining them ...

A weathered sign in the Minnesota River Valley proudly proclaims: “World’s Oldest Rock.” Erected in 1975, it marks a 3.8-billion-year-old gneiss — or so scientists thought.

The ocean's deep-sea bed is scattered with ancient rocks, each about the size of a closed fist, called "polymetallic nodules.

The Curiosity rover identified hidden caches of the mineral siderite, which could help explain why Mars lost its habitable climate.

Lightweight lithium metal is a heavy-hitting critical mineral, serving as the key ingredient in the rechargeable batteries that power phones, laptops, electric vehicles and more. As ubiquitous as ...

It’s one of the most profound questions in science – did life ever ... dioxide and water should have reacted with rocks to create carbonate minerals. However, rover missions and analysis ...

Carbonate minerals contain carbon dioxide, which, when present in the atmosphere, warms a planet. These minerals suggest that carbon dioxide could have previously existed in the atmosphere in larger ...