This is a multicentre, open-label, randomized clinical trial. Study subjects are active smokers older than 40 years of age with a more than 10 pack-year history who have not been diagnosed with ...

Abstract: Preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) is a pulmonary function pattern characterized by a forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) to forced vital capacity ratio greater than 0 ...

Objectives Restrictive spirometry pattern (RSP) suggests an impairment of lung function associated with a significantly increased risk of premature mortality. We evaluated the independent and joint ...