One of the “six arrows” of Kemalist ideology was the stringently areligious civic life the French call laïcité. If anything Turkey’s version outdid that of France, particularly in its anti ...

According to a recent article of his in Le Monde, published on December 27, President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s Turkey, after slowly abandoning the Kemalist model, failed to succeed in defining a ...

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