The medieval settlement included an inner city-citadel on a high rocky plateau, an outer city and unfortified suburbs.

Forty years ago, the communist authorities in Bulgaria began a brutal repression of the country's ethnic Turkish community. The Revival Process aimed to forcibly change Turkish names to Slavic ones, ...

Alongside Sofia, three other Bulgarian cities made the list: Varna, which ranked 213th with an index of 35.7%; Burgas, in 226th place with 33.9%; and Plovdiv, in 235th position. At the other end ...